Munchausen syndrome, a mental disorder, was named in 1951 by Richard Asher after Karl Fried rich Hieronymus, Baron Munchhausen (1720-1797), whose name had become proverbial as the narrator of false and ridiculously exaggerated exploits. The first edition of Munchausen's tales appeared anonymously in 1785 (Baron Munchausen's narrative of his marvellous travels and campaigns in Russia), and was wrongly attributed to the German poet Gottfried August Burger who actually edited the first German version the following year. The real author, Rudolph Erich Raspe, never claimed his rights over the successive editions of this book. This paper reviews the extraordinary personality of Baron Munchhausen, and the circumstances which led Rudolph Erich Raspe, Gottfried August Burger, and Richard Asher to pay homage to this very endearing personage.
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