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Book ID: CBB998511343

Gli uomini dell'acciaio. Lavoro e relazioni industriali alla Terni, 1900-1914 (2024)

Paolo Raspadori (Author)

Il Formichiere
Publication date: 2024
Language: Italian

ISBN: 9788831248815

Publication Date: 2024
Physical Details: xvii, 218 pp.

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Industrialization Technology and industry Steel and steel industry Technology and society Industrial productivity 20th century, early Italy

Attraverso lo spoglio delle carte del personale della Società degli Altoforni, Fonderie e Acciaierie di Terni (SAFFAT), l’autore da un lato delinea le caratteristiche principali delle forze di lavoro presenti nell’impresa durante il primo quindicennio del XX secolo (provenienza, età, stratificazione professionale e salariale, mobilità, ecc.); dall’altro tenta di ricostruire, tramite il confronto con altre fonti quali i censimenti della popolazione e dell’industria, i catasti agrari, le carte dell’Archivio Storico Comunale di Terni e dell’Archivio Storico della Camera di Commercio dell’Umbria, i complessi rapporti creatisi tra uno dei più importanti e grandi stabilimenti siderurgici italiani e gli abitanti del territorio in cui era situato. Dallo studio emerge come l’azienda si orientasse perlopiù verso il mercato del lavoro locale per il reclutamento di manodopera di prevalente origine contadina e poco o per nulla qualificata, che per la SAFFAT divenne una risorsa economica di notevole importanza. I legami ancora saldi che tale manovalanza conservava con la terra, infatti, e i meccanismi di pluriattività innescati dai nuclei familiari gravitanti attorno al polo industriale permettevano alla Società di erogare salari molto bassi agli assunti provenienti da un raggio di circa 50 km dagli impianti e di non intraprendere spese per la costruzione di abitazioni per i suoi dipendenti. Il fatto che l’impiego in fabbrica, nel panorama economico asfittico della regione, fosse l’unica alternativa concreta alla sottoccupazione nel settore agricolo o all’emigrazione, invogliava le maestranze locali a una relazione di lavoro stabile con l’azienda. Infine, l’assetto tecnico-impiantistico raggiunto dalla SAFFAT in quegli anni, grazie all’utilizzo massiccio di macchinari e metodi di produzione avanzati, consentiva all’impresa di affidarsi sempre meno alla categoria del “mestiere” da parte di addetti specializzati e sempre più di formare al lavoro industriale, per mezzo di un mercato interno del lavoro ante litteram, schiere di contadini e di manovali, relativamente disciplinati e obbedienti al regime di fabbrica. [Abstract translated by Google Translate: This is the abstract in English… Through the examination of the personnel papers of the Società degli Altofurna, Fonderie e Acciaierie di Terni (SAFFAT), the author on the one hand outlines the main characteristics of the workforce present in the company during the first fifteen years of the 20th century; on the other hand, he attempts to reconstruct, through comparison with other sources such as the population and industry censuses, the agricultural land registers, the papers of the Municipal Historical Archive of Terni and the Historical Archive of the Chamber of Commerce of Umbria, the complex relationships created between one of the most important and largest Italian steel plants and the inhabitants of the area in which it was located. The study shows how the company was mostly oriented towards the local labor market for the recruitment of labor of predominantly peasant origin and with little or no qualifications, which became an economic resource of considerable importance for SAFFAT. The still strong ties that this workforce maintained with the land, in fact, and the multi-activity mechanisms triggered by the family nuclei gravitating around the industrial center allowed the Company to pay very low wages to those hired coming from a radius of around 50 km from the plants and not undertake expenditure on the construction of homes for its employees. The fact that factory employment, in the asphyxiated economic panorama of the region, was the only concrete alternative to underemployment in the agricultural sector or emigration, encouraged local workers to have a stable working relationship with the company. Finally, the technical-plant structure achieved by SAFFAT in those years, thanks to the massive use of machinery and advanced production methods, allowed the company to rely less and less on the category of "profession" by specialized workers and increasingly to train groups of farmers and labourers, relatively disciplined and obedient to the factory regime, for industrial work, by means of an ante litteram internal labor market.]

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