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Article ID: CBB819107974

Early history of polyaniline—revisited: Russian contributions of Fritzsche and Zinin (2019)

Rasmussen, Seth C. (Author)

Bulletin for the History of Chemistry
Volume: 44
Pages: 123-133
Publication date: 2019
Language: English

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Plastics; rubber; polymers Organic chemistry Indigo 19th century Germany Fritzsche, Carl Zinin, Nikolay Hofmann, August Wilhelm von Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand

Although the history of polyaniline has been traced back to the 1834 contributions of F. F. Runge in Germany, Carl Fritzsche independently discovered an organic base via the decomposition of indigo in 1840. Fritzsche named the base anilin after the Spanish name of indigo, a name which has been retained into the present. Following his isolation of aniline, Fritzsche went on to study its oxidation products, the results of which are consistent with our modern understanding of polyaniline species. Two years after Fritzsche's isolation of aniline, Nikolay Zinin reduced nitrobenzene to give a species that he called benzidam, which was confirmed to be aniline by August Hofmann the following year. An overview of Fritzsche and Zinin's work on aniline will be presented, with a focus on aniline oxidation products and potential contributions to polyaniline and its formation.

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