Chapter ID: CBB778298926

No Retaliation in Kind: Japanese Chemical Warfare Policy in World War II (2017)

unapi

Grunden, Walter E. (Author)


Springer International
Pages: 259-271
Publication date: 2017
Language: English


This essay examines Japan’s Chemical Warfare (CW) policy in World War II as revealed in interrogations of high-ranking military officers conducted by United States military intelligence after the war. Based upon these interrogations and an examination of recorded incidents of chemical weapons use, it may be concluded that Japanese CW policy permitted use of chemical weapons in China where the enemy did not possess the capacity to retaliate in kind, but largely prohibited their use in the Pacific against the Allies, whom they feared could respond in kind with overwhelming force. Thus, the threat of retaliation in kind served as a successful deterrent to CW employment in the Pacific Theater. For its part, the US refrained from using poison gas largely due to President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s moral abhorrence of chemical weapons, but also because it was not in a position logistically to engage in CW on a large scale until late in the conflict, at which time the use of nuclear weapons made the issue moot.

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Book Bretislav Friedrich; Dieter Hoffmann; Jürgen Renn; Florian Schmaltz; Martin Wolf (2017) One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences. unapi

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Authors & Contributors
Walker, Mark
Grunden, Walter E.
Guillemin, Jeanne
Harris, Sheldon H.
Mizusawa, Hikari
Robertson, Andrew John
Journals
科学史研究 Kagakusi Kenkyu (History of Science)
East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal
European Physical Journal H
Historia Scientiarum: International Journal of the History of Science Society of Japan
Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
Historiographia Linguistica: International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences
Publishers
Naval Institute Press
Potomac Books
Harvard University
Routledge
Springer International
Steiner
Concepts
Science and war; science and the military
World War II
Science and government
Military technology
Societies; institutions; academies
Physics
People
Bush, Vannevar
Kubo, Ryogo
Wang, Ganchang
Fuchida, Mitsuo
Time Periods
20th century
20th century, early
Places
Japan
China
United States
Germany
Europe
France
Institutions
United States Navy
Société de Statistique de Paris
Suzhou Hospital of National Medicine
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