Article ID: CBB746588838

Standards and Their (Recurring) Stories: How Augmented Reality Markup Language Was Built on Stories of Past Standards (2020)

unapi

Tony Liao (Author)


Science, Technology, and Human Values
Volume: 45
Issue: 4
Pages: 712-737
Publication date: 2020
Language: English


This article focuses on the role of past standards stories and how they are deployed strategically in ways that shape the process of standards creation. It draws upon an ethnographic study over multiple years of standards meetings, discussions, and online activity. Building on existing work that examines how standards are shaped by stories, this study follows the development of Augmented Reality Markup Language and maps how the story of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) became the key story that actors utilized and debated to push for participation, agreement, and material development of the standard. The authors present several different ways the recurring HTML story was effective at various points in the process as a diagnostic tool, promissory future, empirical evidence, and confidence building measure. Understanding these strategic deployments serves as an empirical example of how recurring stories of the past can shape standards development. These mappings illustrate how standards can be built on past standards sociologically as well as technologically and also broadens our theoretical tools for understanding the importance of stories in the sociology of standards.

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Authors & Contributors
Druglitrø, Tone
Kee, Kevin
Krige, John G.
Leonelli, Sabina
Nofre, David
Onaga, Lisa A.
Journals
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
Science, Technology, and Human Values
Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society
Technology and Culture
Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
History and Technology
Publishers
Oxford University Press
University of Michigan Press
Concepts
Standards
Science and technology studies (STS)
Rhetorical analysis
Programming languages
Augmented reality
Artificial intelligence
People
Ostrom, Elinor
Tocqueville, Alexis de
Time Periods
21st century
20th century, late
20th century
Places
India
Great Britain
Korea
Germany
Japan
United States
Institutions
International Business Machines Corporation
University History Museum of the University of Pavia (Italy)
Research Data Alliance
Internet Engineering Task Force
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