Friedrich, Bretislav (Editor)
Hoffmann, Dieter (Editor)
Renn, Jürgen (Editor)
Schmaltz, Florian (Editor)
Wolf, Martin (Editor)
Springer
Publication date: 2017
Language: English
Physical Details: 408 pp.
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. On April 22, 1915, the German military released 150 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry in Berlin-Dahlem. During World War I, Haber transformed his research institute into a center for the development of chemical weapons (and of the means of protection against them).Bretislav Friedrich and Martin Wolf (Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, the successor institution of Haber’s institute) together with Dieter Hoffmann, Jürgen Renn, and Florian Schmaltz (Max Planck Institute for the History of Science) organized an international symposium to commemorate the centenary of the infamous chemical attack. The symposium examined crucial facets of chemical warfare from the first research on and deployment of chemical weapons in WWI to the development and use of chemical warfare during the century hence. The focus was on scientific, ethical, legal, and political issues of chemical weapons research and deployment ― including the issue of dual use ― as well as the ongoing effort to control the possession of chemical weapons and to ultimately achieve their elimination.The volume consists of papers presented at the symposium and supplemented by additional articles that together cover key aspects of chemical warfare from 22 April 1915 until the summer of 2015.
...MoreReview Ximo Guillem-Llobat (2018) Review of "One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences". Ambix: Journal of the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry (pp. 411-412).
Chapter Wolfgang U. Eckart (2017) The Soldier’s Body in Gas Warfare: Trauma, Illness, Rentennot, 1915–1933. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 213-227).
Chapter Jürgen Renn (2017) Introduction. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 1-8).
Chapter Bretislav Friedrich; Jeremiah James (2017) From Berlin-Dahlem to the Fronts of World War I: The Role of Fritz Haber and His Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in German Chemical Warfare. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 25-44).
Chapter Jeanne Guillemin (2017) The 1925 Geneva Protocol: China’s CBW Charges Against Japan at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 273-286).
Chapter Florian Schmaltz (2017) Chemical Weapons Research on Soldiers and Concentration Camp Inmates in Nazi Germany. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 229-258).
Chapter Gerhard Ertl (2017) Fritz Haber and His Institute. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 405-408).
Chapter Walter E. Grunden (2017) No Retaliation in Kind: Japanese Chemical Warfare Policy in World War II. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 259-271).
Chapter Edward M. Spiers (2017) The Gas War, 1915–1918: If not a War Winner, Hardly a Failure. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 153-168).
Chapter Ghislain D’hoop (2017) Statement by HE Ghislain D’hoop, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Belgium. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 401-403).
Chapter Ralf Trapp (2017) The Use of Chemical Weapons in Syria: Implications and Consequences. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 363-375).
Chapter Bretislav Friedrich; Dieter Hoffmann (2017) Clara Immerwahr: A Life in the Shadow of Fritz Haber. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 45-67).
Chapter Karin Mlodoch (2017) The Indelible Smell of Apples: Poison Gas Survivors in Halabja, Kurdistan-Iraq, and Their Struggle for Recognition. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 349-362).
Chapter Doris Kaufmann (2017) “Gas, Gas, Gaas!” The Poison Gas War in the Literature and Visual Arts of Interwar Europe. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 169-187).
Chapter Margit Szöllösi-Janze (2017) The Scientist as Expert: Fritz Haber and German Chemical Warfare During the First World War and Beyond. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 11-23).
Chapter Miloš Vec (2017) Challenging the Laws of War by Technology, Blazing Nationalism and Militarism: Debating Chemical Warfare Before and After Ypres, 1899–1925. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 105-134).
Chapter Ulf Schmidt (2017) Preparing for Poison Warfare: The Ethics and Politics of Britain’s Chemical Weapons Program, 1915–1945. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 77-104).
Chapter Olivier Lepick (2017) France’s Political and Military Reaction in the Aftermath of the First German Chemical Offensive in April 1915: The Road to Retaliation in Kind. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 69-76).
Chapter Matthew Meselson (2017) From Charles and Francis Darwin to Richard Nixon: The Origin and Termination of Anti-plant Chemical Warfare in Vietnam. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 335-348).
Chapter Johannes Preuss (2017) The Reconstruction of Production and Storage Sites for Chemical Warfare Agents and Weapons from Both World Wars in the Context of Assessing Former Munitions Sites. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 289-333).
Chapter Paul F. Walker (2017) A Century of Chemical Warfare: Building a World Free of Chemical Weapons. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 379-400).
Chapter Roy MacLeod (2017) The Genie and the Bottle: Reflections on the Fate of the Geneva Protocol in the United States, 1918–1928. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 189-211).
Chapter Jeffrey Allan Johnson (2017) Military-Industrial Interactions in the Development of Chemical Warfare, 1914–1918: Comparing National Cases Within the Technological System of the Great War. In: One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences (pp. 135-149).
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