Multimedia Object: Podcast episode ID: CBB489190367

Henry M. Cowles, “The Scientific Method: An Evolution of Thinking from Darwin to Dewey” (Harvard UP, 2020) (2020)

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The idea of a single scientific method, shared across specialties and teachable to ten-year-olds, is just over a hundred years old. For centuries prior, science had meant a kind of knowledge, made from facts gathered through direct observation or deduced from first principles. But during the nineteenth century, science came to mean something else: a way of thinking. The Scientific Method: An Evolution of Thinking from Darwin to Dewey (Harvard University Press, 2020) tells the story of how this approach took hold in laboratories, the field, and eventually classrooms, where science was once taught as a natural process. Henry M. Cowles reveals the intertwined histories of evolution and experiment, from Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection to John Dewey’s vision for science education. Darwin portrayed nature as akin to a man of science, experimenting through evolution, while his followers turned his theory onto the mind itself. Psychologists reimagined the scientific method as a problem-solving adaptation, a basic feature of cognition that had helped humans prosper. This was how Dewey and other educators taught science at the turn of the twentieth century—but their organic account was not to last. Soon, the scientific method was reimagined as a means of controlling nature, not a product of it. By shedding its roots in evolutionary theory, the scientific method came to seem far less natural, but far more powerful. This book reveals the origin of a fundamental modern concept. Once seen as a natural adaptation, the method soon became a symbol of science’s power over nature, a power that, until recently, has rarely been called into question.

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Authors & Contributors
Köchy, Kristian
Barabanschikov, Boris I.
Beek, Viola van
Capshew, James H.
Clow, Nani N.
Cowles, Henry M.
Journals
NTM: Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Technik und Medizin
Philosophia Naturalis
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
Istoriko-Biologicheskie Issledovaniia
Revue d'Histoire des Sciences
Publishers
Harvard University
Indiana University
Harvard University Press
Rowan & Littlefield Education
Walden University
Tinta da China
Concepts
Experiments and experimentation
Laboratories
Methodology of science; scientific method
Science education and teaching
Evolution
Darwinism
People
Darwin, Charles Robert
Huxley, Thomas Henry
Kuhn, Thomas S.
Lodge, Oliver
Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Time Periods
19th century
20th century
17th century
20th century, early
16th century
21st century
Places
United States
Great Britain
Germany
Russia
Antarctica
Institutions
Universitet Kazan
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