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Article ID: CBB463042919

What’s in a Pipe?: NATO’s Confrontation on the 1962 Large-Diameter Pipe Embargo (January 2017)

Cantoni, Robert (Author)

Technology and Culture
Volume: 58
Issue: 1
Pages: 67-96
Publication date: January 2017
Language: English

DOI: 10.1353/tech.2017.0002

ISSN: 1097-3729; (Print) 0040-165X

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Pipelines Cold War Petroleum industry 20th century Soviet Union North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

By the late 1950s, the Soviet Union had acquired a strong position as a world oil exporter, thanks to major discoveries in the Ural-Volga area. In order to transport their oil to strategic areas within the Union and to Europe, the Soviets devised a project to build a colossal pipeline system. This plan caused anxiety at NATO since Russian oil could be wielded as a weapon to weaken the West both militarily and economically. In order to complete the system, however, the Soviets needed large-diameter steel pipes and equipment, which they had to import from the West. Thus in 1961 the U.S. delegation at NATO proposed a comprehensive embargo of large-diameter pipes in order to delay the system’s construction. I argue that the definition of what oil pipes were as technological artifacts, as well as their final content, was ultimately shaped by the NATO debate on this U.S. proposition.

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