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Article ID: CBB319977578

The Historical Discourse on the Etiology of Anorexia Nervosa Results of a Literature Analysis (2015)

Sudhoffs Archiv: Zeitschrift fuer Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Volume: 99
Issue: 1
Pages: 31-43
Publication date: 2015
Language: English

URI: https://biblioscout.net/article/10.25162/sudhoff-2015-0003

DOI: 10.25162/sudhoff-2015-0003

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Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert den historischen Diskurs über die Ätiologie von Anorexia nervosa von der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in die jüngste Vergangenheit. Zu diesem Zweck wählten wir zwei methodische Herangehensweisen: Zum ersten untersuchten wir für die Zeit von der 1850er Jahren bis zum Ende der 1970er Jahre die einschlägige Fachliteratur mit dem Ziel, vorherrschende ätiologische Konzepte und etwaige konzeptionelle Umbrüche herauszuarbeiten und zeitlich zuzuordnen. Dabei richteten wir unseren Fokus auf internationale medizinische bzw. wissenschaftliche Aufsätze und Bücher aus dem angloamerikanischen und deutschen Sprachraum. Zum zweiten führten wir zwei MEDLINE Recherchen via Pubmed durch, um rezente Entwicklungen und mögliche Paradigmenwechsel aufzuspüren und nachzuzeichnen (1981-2010). Von den 1880er bis zu den 1980er Jahren sah man Anorexia nervosa überwiegend als psychosozial verursachte Krankheit an. Im Einzelnen lassen sich zeitabhängig neurotische bzw. hysterische Erklärungsansätze (1859ff), ein Fachdiskurs über glanduläre Ursachen (1914ff), psychoanalytisch dominierte Erklärungsmuster (1940ff) und familienbezogene bzw. soziokulturelle Ansätze (1962ff) differenzieren und vergleichsweise präzise zeitlich abgrenzen. Biologische Erklärungsansätze gewannen erst mit den Ergebnissen von Zwillingsstudien in den 1980er Jahren an Bedeutung, wobei insbesondere die rezenten Studien seit der Jahrtausendwende einen merklichen Trend zu neurobiologischen Erklärungsmustern erkennen lassen. [English translation by DeepL.com: This paper analyzes the historical discourse on the etiology of anorexia nervosa from the mid-19th century to the recent past. To this end, we chose two methodological approaches: First, for the period from the 1850s to the late 1970s, we examined the relevant literature with the aim of identifying and temporally assigning prevailing etiological concepts and any conceptual shifts. We focused on international medical or scientific articles and books from Anglo-American and German-speaking countries. Second, we conducted two MEDLINE searches via Pubmed to detect and trace recent developments and possible paradigm shifts (1981-2010). From the 1880s to the 1980s, anorexia nervosa was predominantly viewed as a psychosocially caused illness. Specifically, time-dependent neurotic or hysterical explanatory approaches (1859ff), a specialized discourse on glandular causes (1914ff), psychoanalytically dominated explanatory patterns (1940ff), and family-related or sociocultural approaches (1962ff) can be differentiated and comparatively precisely delineated in time. Biological explanations gained importance only with the results of twin studies in the 1980s, whereas especially recent studies since the turn of the millennium show a noticeable trend towards neurobiological explanations.]

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