Zucconi, Guido (Author)
Carocci Editore
Publication date: 2022
Language: Italian
Physical Details: 332 pp.
Al centro del volume è la rivoluzione sanitaria dell’ultimo quarto dell’Ottocento, propiziata dal microscopio e dalle straordinarie scoperte di Pasteur e di Koch. Grazie a loro si individuano le cause di flagelli epocali quali il tifo, il colera e la tubercolosi polmonare. A finire sotto accusa è l’ambiente dove l’uomo vive e opera, soprattutto la città sovraffollata in seguito al colossale aumento demografico (la popolazione europea passò da 195 a 425 milioni nel solo XIX secolo). Definito con esattezza da Pasteur, lo “spazio salubre” consente di invertire la rotta, a patto di essere verificato a tutte le scale: dai servizi igienici alle attrezzature collettive, dai luoghi di lavoro all’abitazione individuale. Secondo forme a priori e dimensioni ottimali, il concetto dovrà poi essere applicato a questo universo, compresa la città stessa, per la prima volta misurata e considerata in termini quantitativi. Visti in tale prospettiva, i grandi mali tipici dei centri urbani non sembrano più appartenere all’ordine naturale delle cose ma diventano problemi risolvibili con rimedi di medio e lungo periodo. E per affrontare un così immane compito occorre creare nuove competenze, come l’ingegneria sanitaria, e nuove figure, come quella dell’igienista, da collocarsi a metà tra scienza e amministrazione, all’intersezione tra campi scientifici diversi ma sinergici (biologia e medicina, statistica e ingegneria civile). [Abstract translated by Google Translate: This is the abstract in English… This book focuses on the healthcare revolution which occurred during the last quarter of the nineteenth century in Italy, a revolution that was propitiated by the microscope and the extraordinary discoveries of Pasteur and Koch. Thanks to the work of these scientists, the causes of epochal scourges such as typhus, cholera and pulmonary tuberculosis were identified: diseases caused largely by the overcrowded urban environment following the colossal population increase (the European population increased from 195 to 425 million in the 19th century). The "healthy space," as Pasteur defined it, made it possible to reverse the course, as long as it was applied to all scales: from toilets to collective equipment, from workplaces to individual homes. Seen in this perspective, the great probems typical of urban centers no longer seemed to belong to the natural order of things but became problems that could be solved with medium and long-term remedies. And to face such a huge task, new skills were needed, such as sanitary engineering, and new figures, such as that of the hygienist, to be placed halfway between science and administration, at the intersection of different scientific fields (biology and medicine, statistics and civil engineering).]
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