Chapter ID: CBB033465072

The Reconstruction of Production and Storage Sites for Chemical Warfare Agents and Weapons from Both World Wars in the Context of Assessing Former Munitions Sites (2017)

unapi

Preuss, Johannes (Author)


Springer International
Pages: 289-333
Publication date: 2017
Language: English


This chapter begins by listing the quantities and sites of chemical agent production during both world wars and outlining the relative importance of these new weapons. Using the example of the production sites of World War II, the setting in which the construction and operation of these factories took place will be described, as well as the structure of the facilities. It will be shown that it was not only Fritz Haber’s former colleagues who made important contributions to the research of chemical warfare agents and their production, but that an important role was also played by students of his successor at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry. In order to be employed militarily, chemical warfare agents must be put into grenades, bombs, mines, warheads, and spray tanks. This took place at seven filling plants, five of the army and two in air munitions facilities. Gaseous and particularly dangerous modern warfare agents were filled in the chemical factories where they were produced. This article is based on extensive research in the context of the investigation, ongoing since 1979, into former armaments sites, the methodology of which will be briefly outlined. It will be shown that the effects of chemical warfare agents—their production and deployment at the frontline—continue to pose a risk 100 years later. In consideration of general public health, the disposal of these agents of must be prioritized. Also in Germany, these agents have been exploded, burned, and buried, and the residues pose environmental risks. Some of the demolition sites of these agents are still unknown today.

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Book Bretislav Friedrich; Dieter Hoffmann; Jürgen Renn; Florian Schmaltz; Martin Wolf (2017) One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences. unapi

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Authors & Contributors
Friedrich, Bretislav
Hoffmann, Dieter
Renn, Jürgen
Peter B. Thompson
Charles, Daniel
Eckart, Wolfgang U.
Journals
Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science
Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
科学史研究 Kagakusi Kenkyu (History of Science)
Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science
Technology and Culture
War and Society
Publishers
Springer International
Cambridge University Press
Ecco
Reaktion Books
Rutgers University Press
Springer
Concepts
Chemical warfare
Science and war; science and the military
Chemical weapons
World War I
World War II
Technology and war; technology and the military
People
Haber, Fritz
Immerwahr, Clara
Time Periods
20th century, early
20th century
19th century
21st century
20th century, late
Places
Germany
United States
Great Britain
Berlin (Germany)
Vietnam
Japan
Institutions
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituten
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