Article ID: CBB030560455

An International Teamwork: Mental Hygiene in Shanghai During the 1930s and 1940s (2019)

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Mental hygiene experienced significant growth on an international level in the first half of the 20th century. A concept of American origin, mental hygiene developed into various forms in different cultural and national contexts. With a large international settlement and vibrant cultural activities, Shanghai witnessed a rise of interest in preventing mental illnesses and promoting mental health during the 1930s and early 1940s. The city gradually became one of the most important places for providing mental hygiene services in China. Apart from the establishment of mental hospitals, departments of neuropsychiatry, and child guidance clinics, people from various disciplines, sectors, and nationalities united to deliver health services to the foreign as well as local Chinese population. The present study first examines the social and cultural conditions that made possible, according to contemporary firsthand accounts, this international “teamwork.” Taking the establishment of The Mercy Hospital for Nervous Diseases and the organization of child guidance clinics as examples, this study investigates the ways in which knowledge and practices of different origins were combined and transformed. In contrast to previous depictions of the development of psychiatry and mental hygiene in Republican China as a product of missionary influence, scientific progress, or social control, this study seeks to illuminate the interplay of international and local forces in negotiating the meaning of mental hygiene and creating a flexible public health model characteristic of Shanghai’s political and social makeup. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

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Authors & Contributors
Schioldann, Johan
Berrios, German E.
Bartolucci, Chiara
Campos Marín, Ricardo
Doroshow, Deborah Blythe
Lombardo, Giovanni Pietro
Journals
History of Psychiatry
Social History of Medicine
Bulletin of the History of Medicine
East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal
History of Psychology
Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
Publishers
Oxford University Press
Concepts
Mental disorders and diseases
Psychiatry
Mental hygiene
Therapeutic practice; therapy; treatment
Psychology
Psychiatric hospitals
People
Freud, Sigmund
Griesinger, Wilhelm
Morselli, Enrico
Heiberg, Johan Ludvig
Specht, Gustav Nikolaus
Adamkiewicz, Albert W.
Time Periods
20th century, early
19th century
20th century
20th century, late
Places
Poland
Peru
Bavaria (Germany)
India
Israel
China
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