Walker, Paul F. (Author)
The first major use of chemical weapons in warfare was on April 22, 1915, when Germany attacked Allied forces along the Ypres Salient in Belgium in World War I. Since that historic attack a century ago, dozens of countries have researched, developed, tested, and deployed still more deadly chemical weapons. These inhumane and indiscriminate weapons of mass destruction were again used in 1924 by Spain against Morocco, by Italy against Libya and Ethiopia in the 1920s and 1930s, and by Japan against China in World War II (Robinson 1971). More recently they were deployed by Iraq against Iran and Iraq’s Kurdish population in the 1980s, and from 2012 to the present in the Syrian civil war. The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in 2016 includes 192 countries, 98% of the world’s population, with only four countries—Egypt, Israel, North Korea, and South Sudan—still missing. And of the 72,525 metric tons of chemical agents declared to date in eight possessor states, over 66,000 metric tons—92%—have been safely destroyed in the last 25 years. This is a historic achievement in global disarmament and peace-building and needs to continue until we rid the world of all chemical weapons, prevent their re-emergence, and promote peaceful uses of chemistry.
...MoreBook Bretislav Friedrich; Dieter Hoffmann; Jürgen Renn; Florian Schmaltz; Martin Wolf (2017) One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences.
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Dieter Hoffmann;
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Florian Schmaltz;
Martin Wolf;
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One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences
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Johannes Preuss;
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The Reconstruction of Production and Storage Sites for Chemical Warfare Agents and Weapons from Both World Wars in the Context of Assessing Former Munitions Sites
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April 1915: Five Future Nobel Prize-Winners Inaugurate Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Academic-Industrial-Military Complex
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Introduction
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Showalter, Dennis E.;
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Considering the Unthinkable: Chemical Weapons in Modern Warfare
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Seiya 誠也 Matsuno 松野;
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[The Development of the Liquid Chlorine Industry by the Japanese Imperial Army: The Military-Industrial Relationship and Dual Use in the Case of Chemical Weapons] 日本陸軍による液体塩素工業の育成: 化学兵器を事例とした軍産関係とデュアルユースの考察
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Kampfstoff-Forschung im Nationalsozialismus: zur Kooperation von Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituten, Militär und Industrie
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Jordan Malfoy;
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Britain Can Take It: Chemical Warfare and the Origins of Civil Defense in Great Britain, 1915 - 1945
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Spiers, Edward M.;
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A History of Chemical and Biological Weapons
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Somer Alp Şimşeker;
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The Scientist as Expert: Fritz Haber and German Chemical Warfare During the First World War and Beyond
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Johnson, Jeffrey Allan;
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Chemical Warfare in the Great War
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Chemical-warfare techniques for insect control: Insect “pests” in Germany before and after World War I
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Peter B. Thompson;
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From Gas Hysteria to Nuclear Fear: A Historical Synthesis of Chemical and Atomic Weapons
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Girard, Marion;
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A Strange and Formidable Weapon: British Responses to World War I Poison Gas
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Roy MacLeod;
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The Genie and the Bottle: Reflections on the Fate of the Geneva Protocol in the United States, 1918–1928
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