Priest, Robert D. (Author)
In Jésus et les Évangiles (1878) Jules Soury applied the findings of nineteenth-century psychiatry to Christian history and concluded that Jesus had suffered from paralytic dementia. Although Soury sought to emulate his teacher Ernest Renan's hugely successful Vie de Jésus (1863), the book failed to generate comparable enthusiasm. Indeed, despite the success of anticlerical psychiatry in the same period, Soury's appropriation of psychopathology ultimately sabotaged his historical career. This article situates Soury's work in a broader debate about the institutionalization of the `science of religions' or sciences religieuses. This discipline was central to the Opportunist Republicans' attempts to secularize the higher education system during the 1880s. I demonstrate how liberal Protestant scholars like Maurice Vernes secured the hegemony of a conception of sciences religieuses that, despite the prevalent scientism of the early Third Republic, represented the rejection of a materialistic interpretation of religious history.
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