Hardenberg, Wilko Graf von (Author)
Sea level has become the almost unavoidable reference point of the impending environmental cataclysm. While inherently variable, sea level has been naturalized, in the form of mean sea level, as the most reliable vertical datum. But for all its allure as a global baseline, mean sea level is the rather recent product of very specific local environmental and cultural conditions. Its exact definition in the early nineteenth century, built on the assumption of the reliability of littorals as reference points for heights, was preceded in the eighteenth century by lengthy and lively debates about perceived long-term variations of sea level, in which those who insisted on its rise or decline used local examples to bolster their generalizations. This essay explores these debates and lays out how they paved the way for the development of the ideas of a stable sea and of a measured mean sea level.
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