Die Einführung und Anwendung der Elektrokrampftherapie werden im vorliegenden Beitrag unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Entwicklung der in der Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Eglfing-Haar eingesetzten und in den Siemens-Reiniger-Werken Erlangen entwickelten Apparate untersucht. Die Analyse wird von der Frage angeleitet, wie das neuartige technische Artefakt in der Anstaltspsychiatrie wirkte, und unter der Prämisse durchgeführt, dass die Behandlung durch die Wechselwirkung zwischen Apparat, Entwicklern und Anwendern bestimmt wurde. Hierzu nimmt dieser Beitrag Bezug auf Erörterungen von Gilbert Simondon zu den Daseinsweisen des technischen Objekts und von Annemarie Mol zur verflochtenen Existenz von Krankheiten und ihren Therapien. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Elektrokrampftherapien in der Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Eglfing-Haar und in der psychiatrischen Klinik Erlangen werden herausgestellt sowie als Wechselspiel apparativer Eigenschaften und institutioneller Bedingungen beschrieben. Die entstehenden Behandlungsformen gingen mit neuen Therapie- und Krankheitsdeutungen einher und entwickelten je eigene Formen von Effektivität und Effizienz. Die Elektrokrampftherapie wird in das Gefüge der Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Eglfing-Haar eingeordnet und der Versuch unternommen, die Ambivalenz einer therapeutischen Praxis unter den Bedingungen der nationalsozialistischen Anstaltspsychiatrie aufzuzeigen. Die entstehende historiografi sche Spannung, die vielfältigen Effekte der Elektrokrampftherapie im Sinne Mols, können dabei nicht in der „Dialektik von Heilen und Vernichten“ aufgelöst werden. Abstract This research paper studies the introduction and application of electroconvulsive therapy focusing on the development of devices used in the sanitorium and asylum of Eglfi ng-Haar and engineered by the Siemens-Reiniger Works in Erlangen. The central question is how the innovative apparatus effected the asylum’s psychiatry, guided by the premise that the new treatment was determi- ned by the reciprocal relationships between devices, engineers, and users. My approach is based on the theories about the manifestations of technical objects by Georges Simondon and on Annemarie Mol’s thoughts about the interwoven existence of medical therapies and their diseases. Differences between therapeutic procedures will be highlighted by comparing electroconvulsive therapy at the clinic of the University of Erlangen with those performed at the asylum in Eglfi ng-Haar. These differences are analyzed and described as the effect of interactions between institutional conditions and the characteristics of the apparatus. With respect to the new treatment procedures, unique and local forms of effi cacy and effi ciency were developed as well as innovative interpretations of mental illness and therapeutic effect. Electroconvulsive therapy in the setting of the asylum at Eglfi ng-Haar is studied in this article in an attempt to exemplify and clarify the ambivalence of therapeutic measures in national-socialist psychiatry. This creates a historiographic tension—the multiple effects of electroconvulsive therapy are not fully resolved by the paradigmatic “dialectics of healing and extermination”.
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