Article ID: CBB976475287

Global Diversification in Medicine Regulation: Insights from Regenerative Stem Cell Medicine (2019)

unapi

Medicine regulation worldwide has undergone a process of regulatory diversification. The evidence-based medicine (EBM) paradigm, centered on multi-phase randomized controlled trials, is increasingly contested and replaced by new models of clinical validation. To explain these changes, STS research has cited just a few factors, e.g. growing pressure form health consumers; the role of pharmaceutical companies to lobby for fast, affordable drug development; the influence of neoliberal ideas and libertarian advocacy of deregulation; and the agency of national governments to enable domestic innovation opportunities in the context of global competition and inequalities. Those factors individually cannot account for the increasing variation in medicine regulation at both national and global levels. Instead it is helpful to integrate elements of existing explanations into a framework with four pairs of conflicting regulatory choices, which play a central role in the formation of medicine regulation. We use this framework to compare regulatory changes in the USA, European Union, China, India, Argentina, and Japan. Across these jurisdictions, the case studies illustrate four dynamics of diversification. Key regulatory concepts such as evidence, risk, safety, efficacy, responsibility and accountability acquire different meanings, reshaping medicine innovation in far-reaching and often contradictory ways. The boundaries between medical research and healthcare provision, commerce and humanitarian service, as well as state control and medical self-regulation are re-defined.

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Article Achim Rosemann (2019) Alter-Standardizing Clinical Trials: The Gold Standard in the Crossfire. Science as Culture (pp. 125-148). unapi

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Authors & Contributors
Mikami, Koichi
Colleen Derkatch
Jukola, Saana
Erikainen, Sonja
Abigail A. Dumes
Gardner, John
Journals
Science, Technology and Human Values
Science as Culture
Social Studies of Science
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale
Pharmacy in History
Publishers
Fondazione Museo Storico del Trentino
University of Chicago Press
Palgrave Macmillan
Duke University Press
Concepts
Evidence-based medicine
Medicine
Medicine, regenerative
Medicine and society
Technoscience; science and technology studies
Stem cells
People
Higby, Gregory J.
Bourdieu, Pierre
Time Periods
21st century
20th century, late
20th century
Places
United Kingdom
United States
Japan
Great Britain
Italy
Europe
Institutions
UK Stem Cell Bank
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