Article ID: CBB971619674

The Rise and Fall of Behaviorism: The Narrative and the Numbers (2020)

unapi

The history of 20th-century American psychology is often depicted as a history of the rise and fall of behaviorism. Although historians disagree about the theoretical and social factors that have contributed to the development of experimental psychology, there is widespread consensus about the growing and (later) declining influence of behaviorism between approximately 1920 and 1970. Because such wide-scope claims about the development of American psychology are typically based on small and unrepresentative samples of historical data, however, the question arises to what extent the received view is justified. This article aims to answer this question in two ways. First, we use advanced scientometric tools (e.g., bibliometric mapping, cocitation analysis, and term co-occurrence analysis) to quantitatively analyze the metadata of 119,278 articles published in American journals between 1920 and 1970. We reconstruct the development and structure of American psychology using cocitation and co-occurrence networks and argue that the standard story needs reappraising. Second, we argue that the question whether behaviorism was the “dominant” school of American psychology is historically misleading to begin with. Using the results of our bibliometric analyses, we argue that questions about the development of American psychology deserve more fine-grained answers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

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Authors & Contributors
van Eck, Nees Jan
Krista L. Rodkey
Flis, Ivan
Luckey, Eric F.
Xiaole Zhu
Yeajin Joo
Journals
Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
History of Psychology
British Journal for the History of Science
Ziran Kexueshi Yanjiu (Studies in the History of Natural Sciences)
Science in Context
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
Publishers
University of California, Los Angeles
Indiana University
Concepts
Psychology
Historiography
Bibliometrics
Discipline formation
Communication within scientific contexts
Teaching; pedagogy
People
Watson, James Dewey
Whewell, William
Keller, Fred S.
Galton, Francis
Davidson, Donald
Darwin, Charles Robert
Time Periods
20th century, late
20th century, early
20th century
19th century
21st century
Places
United States
China
Weimar Republic (1919-1933)
Czechoslovakia
Americas
Colombia
Institutions
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
American Psychological Association
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