Bartolucci, Chiara (Author)
Lombardo, Giovanni Pietro (Editor)
Physis: Rivista Internazionale di Storia della Scienza
Volume: 51
Pages: 295-306
The work examines the scientific and institutional contribution made by the “psychiatrist, anthropologist, psychologist, and philosopher” Enrico Morselli (1852-1929) to the renewal of psychiatry in Italy at the end of the nineteenth century. On the institutional level, through the direction of the mental asylums of Macerata, Turin, and Genoa, Morselli activated a revision of the therapeutic treatments, limiting the coercive methods and improving the traditional “moral cures” of the Florentine school of Chiarugi with the employment of rehabilitative techniques aimed at developing the rational, working, and relational capabilities of the mentally ill. On the scientific level, for the psychiatric diagnosis he became a promoter of the clinical–differential method, in partial contrast with the abstract classifications of the German nosology. In particular, he theorized an “eclectic” diagnostic method – consisting of a “direct method,” a “semiological method,” and a “historic-genetic method” – that entailed the analysis of the insane person’s altered factors of an anatomical–physiological, psychological, and anthropological kind, and ultimately the examination of his/her global “personality,” with a primary attention to the psychological aspects. In this way, he also laid the foundation for a “new” scientific psychology.
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