Oszajca, Paulina (Author)
Although the process of preparing pastilles made of viper’s flesh did not seem complicated at a first glance, it has been described and discussed by many authors as well as regulated by several laws. During the preparation, the viper’s flesh was cooked in water with a pinch of salt and fresh dill and then mixed with breadcrumbs. The numerous regulations were giving precise instructions for removing the head, the bones and the tail of an animal or where and when to collect the snakes. For example, in the Republic of Venice the vipers were collected in the mountains near Padua and sent in boxes to Venice. In the 17th century, Bologna physicians and pharmacists faced difficulties finding vipers in the nearby areas, because most of the animals were bought and collected by people who sent them outside the city. To provide the quantity required for theriac, the Gonfaloniere di Giustizia prohibited the sale of vipers outside the city by instituting a penalty of 25 lire. The production itself was supervised by a Protomedico who was confirming the quality of pastilles, sealing the container with a special viper seal. These and other examples demonstrate how the ingredients had to meet thorough quality requirements long before the birth of the modern pharmacy.
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