Was sind eigentlich Ressourcen?: Oder: die wechselvolle Geschichte der Manganknollen 1873-2021 (How do you define a resource? The colorful history of the manganese nodule, 1873-2021) (2022)
Am Beispiel der Manganknollen analysiert der Artikel, was einen Stoff zu einer Ressource macht. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Ressourcencharakter keine Eigenschaft eines Stoffes an sich ist, sondern wesentlich von Rahmenbedingungen innerhalb der Gesellschaft abhängt, die den Stoff als Ressource betrachtet. Manganknollen wurden bereits im späten 19. Jahrhundert in der Tiefsee entdeckt, aber diese metallhaltigen Mineralien galten erst ab den 1950er-Jahren als potenzielle Ressource. Ihr Abbau schien Ende der 1970er-Jahre kurz bevorzustehen, bevor das wirtschaftliche Interesse an den Manganknollen wieder schwand, jedoch im 21. Jahrhundert erneut auflebte, ohne dass bis heute eine kommerzielle Nutzung stattgefunden hat. Wechselnde ökonomische, politische und rechtliche Faktoren sowie die sich verändernde gesellschaftliche Bewertung der Umweltverträglichkeit erklären diese Entwicklung. Die Ressourcenwerdung eines Stoffes erweist sich so als ein offener und auch reversibler Prozess. (Manganese nodules provide an interesting case study of our concepts of materials and resources. No material is inherently a resource; whether or not it is perceived as one is essentially a question of context. The discovery of manganese nodules in the deep seabed dates back to the late nineteenth century, but it was only in the 1950s that these polymetallic minerals began to be considered as a potential resource. In the late 1970s, mining seemed about to take off, but then economic interest in the nodules began to wane, only to recover in the twenty-first century, although without so far arousing any commercial activity. These ups and downs are accounted for by changes in economic, political, and legal frameworks as well as fluctuations in environmental awareness. Thus a material can become a resource - and cease to be one - in a process that is both open and reversible.)
...MoreArticle Andreas Müller (2022) Naturliche Ressourcen: ein historiche Blick auf ein aktuelles Thema (Natural Resources: A Historical look at a contempotary issue). Ferrum.
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