This essay argues that printing and publishing apparatus was present from the birth of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and was crucial to the party's formation and survival. The historical development of print communism is viewed in this essay as blending influences from Chinese print capitalism, including the advance of China's Gutenberg revolution, and the ideological ambitions and organizational goals of the CCP. At the same time, this study shows that an open, anonymous, competitive market is not a prerequisite for the promotion of the Gutenberg revolution. After July 1927, Qu, the CCP, and the Department of Propaganda had entered a new phase in the evolving creation of Chinese print communism. Both ideological and technological concerns motivated the CCP's propaganda efforts from 1921 to 1927. The chapter also discusses the activities in Yan'an, the political center of the Shaan-Gan-Ning Base Area.
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