Article ID: CBB939795882

Porträts von interessanten Personen: A new look at J. F. Blumenbach’s typological labels and the exemplars he discussed in his anthropological research (2020)

unapi

In 1794, Johann Blumenbach asserted that humanity consisted of five racial varieties he labeled ‘American’, ‘Caucasian’, ‘Ethiopian’, ‘Malay’, and ‘Mongolian’. Blumenbach selected eleven individuals as exemplars for his racial varieties. An analysis of the life histories of these individuals indicates that most of them found success in a new environment far from their ancestral homeland. This analysis indicates that Blumenbach selected his exemplars to demonstrate the transformative power of environment, which was also why he jointly chose the labels ‘Caucasian’ and ‘Mongolian’. It was not his aesthetic bias which inspired him to label Europeans as ‘Caucasians’, as some have proposed.

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Citation URI
https://data.isiscb.org/isis/citation/CBB939795882/

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Authors & Contributors
Bonmassar, Michele
Clever, Iris
Livio Sansone
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr.
Zumwalt, Rosemary Lévy
Summers, Lachlan
Concepts
Anthropology
Racism
Science and race
Colonialism
Science and society
Public health
Time Periods
19th century
20th century, early
20th century
18th century
17th century
Places
United States
Germany
Italy
Polynesia
Southern states (U.S.)
New York City (New York, U.S.)
Institutions
Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946)
Columbia University
Universität Göttingen
American Museum of Natural History, New York
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