Article ID: CBB931120842

Darwinian Evolution’s First 50 Years of Impact on Medicine and Botany at the University of Toronto, 1859 to 1909 (2020)

unapi

Prior to Darwin’s masterworks, a university professor of medicine’s purview generally included the professorship of botany and direction of the botanical gardens. Yet from the landmark 1876 Johns Hopkins model and especially after the 1910 Flexner Report, botany was limited at certain medical schools to (exaggerating somewhat) “decorating their lobbies!” Darwinian-era scientific paradigms spread from continental Europe through promulgators such as Huxley and Osler, transforming laboratory research, disease aetiology, biochemical therapeutics, and clinical “bedside” teaching. Unintended consequences at universities with medical schools might include altered loyalties and resources among competing disciplines. At the University of Toronto, botany vis-à-vis medicine was gradually treated as passé or secondary to zoology for modern, scientific platforms. This pattern was not universal; botany strongholds at universities such as Harvard continued to flourish. Where a negative perspective took hold with evolutionary impacts, botanists’ careers became limited and the impetus for maintaining botanic research and teaching facilities such as a university botanical gardens was impaired.

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Authors & Contributors
de Lestrange, Aymon
Jong-wook Hong
Adam, Luthfi
Cherry, Haydon
Black, Sara E.
Franco Antonio Mastrolia
Concepts
Botanical gardens
Pharmaceutical botany
Botany
Medical education and teaching
Medicine
Medical research
Time Periods
20th century, early
19th century
18th century
16th century
Early modern
Modern
Places
Italy
United States
Germany
France
Europe
Canada
Institutions
University of Toronto
Vilniaus universitetas
Connaught Laboratories (Canada)
Dalhousie University
Rockefeller Foundation
McGill University
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