KI – Kapriolende Intelligenz – Kapriolende Information (AI - Capricious Intelligence - Capricious Information) (2023)
In 1955, the anthology Automata Studies was published, and in the same year, the Rockefeller Foundation received an application for funding the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. Both events mark the beginning of the difficulties in interpreting the term “Artificial Intelligence” that have been discussed ever since. Looking at the history of intelligence and information theory, it becomes clear that the term intelligence already had various meanings, and it was only after the introduction of the term information as a new basic variable for communication theory and technology that the meaning of intelligence as a cognitive ability became dominant. In 20th century psychology, theories and measurement methods were developed for this concept of intelligence, culminating in the definition of the “intelligence quotient” (IQ). The work published by the psychiatrist and cyberneticist W. R. Ashby in Automata Studies does not project (artificial) intelligence into the computer, but sees it as an “intelligence amplifier”. However, this interpretation of “Artificial Intelligence” was not given further attention in the research field of the same name. 1955 erschien der Sammelband Automata Studies, und im gleichen Jahr erging der Antrag zur Förderung des Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence an die Rockefeller-Stiftung. Beide Ereignisse stehen am Beginn der seither diskutierten Interpretationsschwierigkeiten des Begriffs „Artificial Intelligence“. Mit Blick auf die Geschichte der Nachrichten- bzw. Informationstheorie wird klar, dass schon der Begriff intelligence verschiedene Bedeutungen hatte, und erst nach der Einführung des Begriffs information als neue Grundgröße für Kommunikationstheorie und -technik dominierte für intelligence die Bedeutung als kognitive Fähigkeit. Zu diesem Intelligenzbegriff wurden in der Psychologie des 20. Jahrhunderts Theorien und Messverfahren entwickelt, die in der Definition des „Intelligenzquotienten“ (IQ) gipfelten. Die von dem Psychiater und Kybernetiker W. R. Ashby in den Automata Studies veröffentlichte Arbeit projiziert keine (künstliche) Intelligenz in den Computer, sondern sieht in ihm einen „Intelligenzverstärker“. Diese Interpretation von „Artificial Intelligence“ wurde in dem gleichnamigen Forschungsfeld allerdings nicht weiter beachtet.
...MoreSimilar Citations
Thesis
Rowe, Josh;
(2011)
The Public Life of Information
(/isis/citation/CBB001562733/)
Article
Florian Müller;
Dinah Pfau;
Helen Piel;
Rudolf Seising;
Jakob Tschandl;
(2021)
Projektvorstellung. IGGI – Ingenieur-Geist und Geistes- Ingenieure: Eine Geschichte der Künstlichen Intelligenz in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. (Project presentation. IGGI - Ingenieur-Geist und Geistes- Ingenieure: A History of Artificial Intelligence in the Federal Republic of Germany)
(/isis/citation/CBB005573590/)
Book
Wilson, Elizabeth A.;
(2010)
Affect and Artificial Intelligence
(/isis/citation/CBB001220177/)
Essay Review
Halpern, Orit;
(2012)
Affective Machines
(/isis/citation/CBB001566997/)
Chapter
Asaro, Peter M.;
(2008)
From Mechanisms of Adaptation to Intelligence Amplifiers: The Philosophy of W. Ross Ashby
(/isis/citation/CBB000760385/)
Thesis
Rocker, Ingeborg M.;
(2010)
Emerging Structures: Information Aesthetics and Architectures of the Digital Medium
(/isis/citation/CBB001567205/)
Article
Jue Hou;
(2021)
The Cybernetic Writing Pad: Information Technology and the Retheorization of the Chinese Script, 1977-1986
(/isis/citation/CBB098627664/)
Article
W. Patrick McCray;
(2022)
Art Out of Order: Jack Burnham, the 1970 Software Show, and the Aesthetics of Information Systems
(/isis/citation/CBB545754371/)
Article
Nofre, David;
Priestley, Mark;
Alberts, Gerard;
(2014)
When Technology Became Language: The Origins of the Linguistic Conception of Computer Programming, 1950--1960
(/isis/citation/CBB001421225/)
Article
Vitaly Gorokhov;
(2006)
The Historical Development of Radar Science and Technology as the prelude to the Modern Information Revolution
(/isis/citation/CBB205586550/)
Article
Cook, Diane J.;
(2012)
How Smart is Your Home?
(/isis/citation/CBB001320459/)
Article
Shunryu Colin Garvey;
(January-March 2021)
The “General Problem Solver” Does Not Exist: Mortimer Taube and the Art of AI Criticism
(/isis/citation/CBB628101227/)
Book
Hagengruber, Ruth;
Riss, Uwe V.;
(2014)
Philosophy, Computing and Information Science
(/isis/citation/CBB001422489/)
Article
Svilpis, Janis;
(2008)
The Science-Fiction Prehistory of the Turing Test
(/isis/citation/CBB001031078/)
Article
Aurea Anguera;
Juan A. Lara;
David Lizcano;
María-Aurora Martínez;
Juan Pazos;
F. David de la Peña;
(2020)
Turing: The Great Unknown
(/isis/citation/CBB660384392/)
Chapter
Babintseva, Ekaterina Igorevna;
(2022)
Engineering the Lay Mind: Lev Landa's Algo-Heuristic Theory and Artificial Intelligence
(/isis/citation/CBB540785696/)
Article
Colin Garvey;
(March 2018)
Broken Promises & Empty Threats: The Evolution of AI in the USA, 1956–1996
(/isis/citation/CBB517134330/)
Book
Copeland, B. Jack;
(2012)
Turing: Pioneer of the Information Age
(/isis/citation/CBB001253045/)
Book
Turing, Alan Mathison;
Copeland, B. Jack;
(2004)
The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life plus the Secrets of Enigma
(/isis/citation/CBB000610232/)
Book
Kwinter, Sanford;
Davidson, Cynthia C.;
(2007)
Far from Equilibrium: Essays on Technology and Design Culture
(/isis/citation/CBB000831105/)
Be the first to comment!