Paganini, Gianni (Author)
Carocci Editore
Physical Details: 256 pp.
Language: Italian
In breve Il problema della conoscenza, come lo intendiamo oggi, è stato in un certo senso “creato” dallo scetticismo, cioè dalla necessità di confutarlo per convalidare le nostre credenze. Questo è vero in particolar modo anche per il periodo moderno, nel quale la “sfida scettica” venne rilanciata e ampliata, per essere poi respinta da Descartes, ripresa da Hume e superata da Kant. Il volume ripercorre i passaggi fondamentali di questa corrente filosofica, dalla fine del Rinascimento (Montaigne) all’Illuminismo (con Locke prima, Berkeley e Hume poi, infine Kant). Durante la modernità lo scetticismo visse la sua seconda età dell’oro, dopo l’Ellenismo, non solo per la fioritura di autori che furono scettici veri e propri, ma anche perché costrinse filosofi non scettici a misurarsi con la sua sfida esigente e rigorosa. I dubbi scettici furono determinanti per il superamento del razionalismo dogmatico, per l’apertura all’empirismo, che è stato una filosofia dei limiti della conoscenza, e per la nascita di alternative trascendentali o non fondazionaliste. Ugualmente importanti e penetranti furono i problemi sollevati in ambito morale e politico. Si può dire che il “saggio scettico” rappresentò la prima figura moderna dell’intellettuale autonomo che rivendica a sé piena libertà di giudizio rispetto alle tradizioni, ai costumi, alle istituzioni e in molti casi anche alle religioni. [Abstract translated by Google Translate: This is the abstract in English… The problem of knowledge, as we understand it today, was in a certain sense "created" by skepticism, that is, by the need to refute it in order to validate our beliefs. This is especially true also for the early modern period, in which the "skeptical challenge" was relaunched and expanded, only to be rejected by Descartes, taken up by Hume and overcome by Kant. The volume traces the fundamental passages of this philosophical current, from the end of the Renaissance (Montaigne) to the Enlightenment (with Locke first, Berkeley and Hume then, and finally Kant). During the early modern period, skepticism experienced its second "golden age" after Hellenism, not only due to the flowering of authors who were real skeptics, but also because it forced non-skeptical philosophers to confront its demanding and rigorous challenge. Skeptical doubts were crucial for overcoming dogmatic rationalism, for opening up to empiricism, which was a philosophy of the limits of knowledge, and for the birth of transcendental or non-foundationalist alternatives. Equally important and insightful were the problems raised in the moral and political sphere. It can be said that the "skeptical sage" represented the first modern figure of the autonomous intellectual who claims full freedom of judgment with respect to traditions, customs, institutions and in many cases also religions.]
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