Measures against Epidemics during Late 18th Century Korea: Reformation or Restoration? (2014)
Dans cet article, l’auteur examine la nature des politiques menées par le roi Yi San (Roi Jeongjo, r. 1776-1800) pour maîtriser “l’épidémie rouge” hongyeok [maladie couvrant le corps de boutons rouges], correspondant probablement à la rougeole, considérée comme la maladie pédiatrique la plus dangereuse au cours des trois derniers siècles de la dynastie Joseon (1392-1910). S’appuyant sur des sources centrales comme les Annales du roi Jeongjo [Jeongjosillok] et les Souvenirs des réflexions quotidiennes [Ilseongrok] mais prenant aussi en considération les journaux intimes de certains membres de la société civile, il révèle les différentes perceptions contemporaines de cette maladie épidémique et analyse dans quelle mesure les réponses du roi Jeongjo apportées à cette crise – la mise en place d’une réglementation médicale très stricte et le rétablissement de rituels religieux oubliés – sont nouvelles et comprises par la population. Enfin, l’auteur montre combien cette épidémie fournit au roi l’opportunité d’incarner, plus que ses prédécesseurs, la double figure du réformateur et du souverain confucéen bienveillant., This article examines the nature of the policies implemented by King Yi San (King Jeongjo; r. 1776-1800) to control hongyeok [plague with red spots on the body], presumed to be measles in contemporary medicine, which was seen as the most dangerous pediatric infectious disease during the three last centuries of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). Drawing on different types of sources, the Jeongjosillok [Annals of King Jeongjo] and Ilseongrok [Records of Daily Reflections] and on diary records from the civilian population, it sheds light on the conceptions of the causes of this epidemic disease at that time and examines to what extent the King Jeongjo’s response to this crisis—the implementation of strict and unprecedented medical regulations and the reestablishment of (forgotten) religious rituals—were particular and how they were received by the common populace. Finally, it shows how this epidemic gave the king the opportunity to embody, more than any of his forebears, the figure of both a reformer and a benevolent Confucian ruler., 조선의 국왕 정조 치하(1777-1800) 조선 정부는 역병에 대한 대응이 이전에 비해 커다란 차이를 보였다. 그것은 의료적인 측면에서 뿐만 아니라 종교적인 의료 부분에서도 그랬다. 1786년 홍역이 유행하게 되자 정조는 정부 의료기관에 유례가 없을 정도의 엄격한 관리를 명했는데, 환자의 집계, 의사의 환가 방문과 약 제공, 전국에 걸쳐 효과적인 처방의 수집과 정리, 효과적인 처방의 전국적인 보급 등이 포함되어 있었다. 그것은 이전의 조치와 비슷하기보다는 마치 근대 이후의 조치와 비슷한 성격을 띠었다. 이런 조치와 함께 정조는 예조에 명하여 홍역에 대한 여제를 그간 생략된 옛 절차를 완벽히 복원하여 제대로 거행할 것을 지시했다. 이런 양 측면의 모순적 성격은 정조의 역병 대책이 근대지향적인 것이었는가, 아니면 옛 유교적 이념의 철저한 복구였는가 ?
...MoreBook Florence Bretelle-Establet (2014) Penser les épidémies depuis la Chine, le Japon et la Corée.
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