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Article ID: CBB860870515

La profilassi diretta e indiretta delle infezioni degli equini nella Prima guerra mondiale (2021)

Campanile, Benedetta (Author)

Atti e Memorie, Rivista di Storia della Farmacia
Volume: 38
Issue: 2
Pages: 57-68

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Vaccines; vaccination Animal diseases Horses Medicine World War I Pharmacy Infectious diseases Animal welfare Veterinary medicine 20th century, early Italy Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946)

During the First World War, safeguarding the health of livestock, especially horses, required a great effort from the Veterinary Section of the Military Health Service. Pharmaceutical remedies were old and insufficient. The most used products were disinfectants for the hygiene of shelters and animals’ skin. There were two novelties: the application of the first animal protection rules, according to Law 611, June 12, 1913; and the indirect prophylaxis with vaccines and serums. This last averted the spread of epidemics of infectious diseases such as sarcoptic mange and glanders. In particular, human contagion of glanders was avoided thanks to the use of the malleinization method. Fundamental was the work of the bacteriology laboratories and the far-sighted work of some veterinarians. For the first time they saved the lives of sick animals by placing them in isolation areas where they could continue to work in the fields and produce serums. As some data show, the serums and vaccines produced by the bacteriological laboratories existing in Italy were distributed not only to the Army but also to the farms of the Kingdom’s provinces.

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