Article ID: CBB851931003

Searching for a response: the intriguing mystery of Feynman’s theoretical reference amplifier (2019)

unapi

We analyze Feynman’s work on the response of an amplifier performed at Los Alamos and described in a technical report of 1946, as well as lectured on at the Cornell University in 1946–47 during his course on Mathematical Methods. The motivation for such a work was Feynman’s involvement in the Manhattan Project, for which the necessity emerged of feeding the output pulses of counters into amplifiers or several other circuits, with the risk of introducing distortion at each step. In order to deal with such a problem, Feynman designed a theoretical “reference amplifier”, thus enabling a characterization of the distortion by means of a benchmark relationship between phase and amplification for each frequency, and providing a standard tool for comparing the operation of real devices. A general theory was elaborated, from which he was able to deduce the basic features of an amplifier just from its response to a pulse or to a sine wave of definite frequency. Moreover, in order to apply such a theory to practical problems, a couple of remarkable examples were worked out, both for high-frequency cutoff amplifiers and for low-frequency ones. A special consideration deserves a mysteriously exceptional amplifier with best stability behavior introduced by Feynman, for which different physical interpretations are here envisaged. Feynman’s earlier work then later flowed in the Hughes lectures on Mathematical Methods in Physics and Engineering of 1970–71, where he also remarked on causality properties of an amplifier, that is on certain relations between frequency and phase shift that a real amplifier has to satisfy in order not to allow output signals to appear before input ones. Quite interestingly, dispersion relations to be satisfied by the response function were introduced.

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Authors & Contributors
Bailey, Janet
Canaday, John T.
Des Jardins, Julie
Fermi, Rachel
Goldberg, Stanley
Kelly, Cynthia C.
Journals
American Heritage of Invention and Technology
Chemical Heritage
Configurations: A Journal of Literature, Science, and Technology
European Physical Journal H
Journal of Global History
Physics in Perspective
Publishers
University of New Mexico
Rutgers University
Abrams
Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers
Feminist Press at the City University of New York
Los Alamos Historical Society
Concepts
Manhattan Project
Nuclear weapons; atomic weapons
Science and ethics
Physics
Atomic bomb
Science and politics
People
Feynman, Richard Phillips
Carson, Rachel Louise
Drexler, K. Eric
Franklin, Rosalind
Groves, Leslie R.
McClintock, Barbara
Time Periods
20th century
20th century, early
20th century, late
21st century
Places
United States
Great Britain
New Mexico (U.S.)
Germany
Poland
Liverpool (England)
Institutions
United States. Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos
Cornell University
Hanford Nuclear Site (Washington)
Manhattan Project National Historical Park
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