Bottaccioli, Francesco (Author)
La storia della nascita della Fisiopatologia scientifica presenta un singolare dissidio. Da un lato, gli storici della medicina presentano una genealogia lineare, che va dai lavori di Giovan Battista Morgagni a quelli di François Xavier Bichat fino a quelli di Rudolf Virchow. Dall’altro lato, gli epistemologi della medicina pongono una cesura tra Bichat e Virchow: vitalista il primo, scientifico il secondo; nel limbo della transizione tra non scienza e scienza il francese, all’origine della medicina scientifica il tedesco. Quest'opera dimostra che entrambi i punti di vista risultano insoddisfacenti e al tempo stesso mette in luce la portata del confronto tra i modelli fisiopatologici di Bichat e di Virchow. Confronto che caratterizza ancora la biomedicina contemporanea, dominata dal paradigma riduzionista di ascendenza virchowiana, ma che vede emergere con forza un nuovo modello sistemico la cui prima manifestazione scientifica è proprio nelle ricerche di Bichat e dei “medici filosofi” a cavallo della Rivoluzione francese. [Abstract translated by Google Translate: This is the abstract in English… The history of the birth of scientific physiopathology presents a singular conflict. On the one hand, medical historians present a linear genealogy, ranging from the works of Giovan Battista Morgagni to those of François Xavier Bichat up to those of Rudolf Virchow. On the other hand, medical epistemologists place a sharp distinction between Bichat and Virchow: the former is vitalistic, the latter is scientific. This work shows that both points of view are unsatisfactory, and at the same time highlights the extent of the comparison between the pathophysiological models of Bichat and Virchow. A comparison that still characterizes contemporary biomedicine, dominated by the reductionist paradigm of Virchowian ancestry, but which sees the emergence of a new systemic model whose first scientific manifestation is precisely in the research of Bichat and of the "medical philosophers" at the turn of the French Revolution.]
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