Some recent historical studies have criticized NASA for failing in the 1960s to recognize and make a part of its core mission “earthly environmentalism,” and thereby failed to foster Earth science as a scientific pursuit. This essay responds by discussing the manner in which NASA in a subtle but transformative way encouraged the collaboration of scientists from many different disciplines focused on Earth to transcend disciplinary boundaries using space technology to treat the Earth as an integrated system. Indeed, from limited cooperative efforts in the 1960s overseen by NASA, emerged the broadly interdisciplinary efforts to understand the interactions of Earth in the last quarter of the twentieth century.
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