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Article ID: CBB826670552

Vernetzte Künstliche Intelligenz: Frühe bundesdeutsche KI-Forschung von den 1960er bis Ende der 1980er Jahre (Networked Artificial Intelligence: Early German AI research from the 1960s to the end of the 1980s) (2023)

Dinah Pfau (Author)
Piel, Helen (Author)

Acta Historica Leopoldina
Volume: 83
Pages: 77-107

DOI: 10.26164/leopoldina_10_00959

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Technology Science and politics History of technology, as a discipline Artificial intelligence 20th century 21st century Germany

We look at several research networks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that developed in the Federal Republic of Germany between the 1960s and the early 1980s. Inspired by network analytic approaches we focus on the networks of people and groups, looking at their relative sizes, and the types and strengths of their structures. Thus, we reconstruct the vertical and horizontal movements of knowledge of AI. After Karl Steinbuchʼs (1917–2005) and others research at Karlsruhe we turn to the federal funding of computer science that set in in the late 1960s. Resilient AI research networks began developing within and next to computer science, establishing communication and conference networks, which ultimately led to the institutional establishment of AI in the late 1970s, early 1980s. We show that the political, (top-down) promotion of computer science at West German universities functioned as a catalyst for early bottom-up initiatives for AI. Where single research groups, which may have been well connected but were often too focused on single personas, failed, the transregional, politically and institutionally provided and supported networks allowed the establishment of AI in West Germany. Wir betrachten verschiedene Forschungsnetzwerke der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) in der Bundesrepublik von den 1960er bis Anfang der 1980er Jahre. Im Zentrum unserer Betrachtungen steht dabei – in Anlehnung an netzwerkanalytische Ansätze – die Vernetzung verschiedener Personen und Gruppen, die wir in Hinblick auf ihre Größe, Art und Stärke der Beziehungen und Organisation der Netzwerkstrukturen unterscheiden, um die vertikalen und horizontalen Wanderbewegungen von KI-Wissen nachzuvollziehen. Nach Karl Steinbuch (1917–2005) und den Forschungen in Karlsruhe wenden wir uns der bundesweiten Informatikförderung zu, um schließlich über die Entwicklung des Kommunikations- und Tagungsnetzwerkes der KI aus der Informatik heraus zur institutionellen Etablierung von Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Bundesrepublik zu kommen. Es zeigt sich dabei, dass die breite politische Top-down-Förderung der Informatik an bundesdeutschen Hochschulen wie ein Katalysator auf frühe Bottom-up-Initiativen der KI wirkte. Wo einzelne, wenn auch gut vernetzte, aber personenorientierte Forschungsgruppen scheiterten, machten die überregionalen, politisch und institutionell geförderten und bereitgestellten Strukturen eine Etablierung der KI möglich.

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