Article ID: CBB820126370

Genetics on the neurodiversity spectrum: Genetic, phenotypic and endophenotypic continua in autism and ADHD (2021)

unapi

How we ought to diagnose, categorise and respond to spectrum disabilities such as autism and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a topic of lively debate. The heterogeneity associated with ADHD and autism is described as falling on various continua of behavioural, neural, and genetic difference. These continua are varyingly described either as extending into the general population, or as being continua within a given disorder demarcation. Moreover, the interrelationships of these continua are likewise often vague and subject to diverse interpretations. In this paper, I explore geneticists' and self-advocates’ perspectives concerning autism and ADHD as continua. These diagnoses are overwhelmingly analysed as falling on a continuum or continua of underlying traits, which supports the notion of “the neurodiversity spectrum”, i.e., a broader swath of human neural and behavioural diversity on which some concentrations of different functioning are diagnosed. I offer a taxonomy of conceptions of the genetic, phenotypic, and endophenotypic dimensionality within and beyond these diagnostic categories, and suggest that the spectrum of neurodiversity is characteristically endophenotypic.

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Authors & Contributors
Smith, Matthew
Silverman, Chloe
Chiang, Howard Hsueh-Hao
Pantazakos, Themistoklis
Matsubayashi, Kozo
Daker, Mauricio V.
Concepts
Mental disorders and diseases
Psychiatry
Diagnosis
Psychology
Autism
Disabilities; disability; accessibility
Time Periods
21st century
20th century
20th century, late
19th century
Early modern
Ancient
Places
United States
Greece
China
Rome (Italy)
Great Britain
Institutions
La Fédération québécoise de l’autisme
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