The discipline of geography began in the third century BCE with the work of Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who invented the term “geography” and wrote the first treatise on the topic. Long before that time, however, travelers had begun to understand the nature of the world, both in a scientific and an ethnographic sense. The travels of Pytheas of Massalia and Alexander the Great in the latter fourth century BCE greatly expanded the horizons of knowledge, and in the following century Eratosthenes was able to write his geographical treatise. By the late Hellenistic period Greek geographical knowledge extended from Iceland and the Atlantic islands in the west to India and beyond in the east, and south to sub-Saharan Africa. All this knowledge was brought together by Strabo of Amaseia, writing between the 20s BCE and the 20s CE, who is the primary source for much of the history of Greek geography.
...MoreBook Georgia L. Irby-Massie (2016) A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome.
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