Article ID: CBB819107974

Early history of polyaniline—revisited: Russian contributions of Fritzsche and Zinin (2019)

unapi

Although the history of polyaniline has been traced back to the 1834 contributions of F. F. Runge in Germany, Carl Fritzsche independently discovered an organic base via the decomposition of indigo in 1840. Fritzsche named the base anilin after the Spanish name of indigo, a name which has been retained into the present. Following his isolation of aniline, Fritzsche went on to study its oxidation products, the results of which are consistent with our modern understanding of polyaniline species. Two years after Fritzsche's isolation of aniline, Nikolay Zinin reduced nitrobenzene to give a species that he called benzidam, which was confirmed to be aniline by August Hofmann the following year. An overview of Fritzsche and Zinin's work on aniline will be presented, with a focus on aniline oxidation products and potential contributions to polyaniline and its formation.

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Authors & Contributors
Andreas, Holger
Aust, Rudolph
Blondel-Mégrelis, Marika
Büttner, Johannes
Jackson, Catherine M.
Johnson, Jeffrey Allan
Journals
Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Fachgruppe Geschichte der Chemie
Bulletin for the History of Chemistry
Ambix: Journal of the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry
Annals of Science: The History of Science and Technology
Chemie, Experiment + Didaktik
Chemiker Zeitung
Publishers
GNT
The MIT Press
VCH Verlagsgesellschaft
Concepts
Organic chemistry
Chemistry
Plastics; rubber; polymers
Chemical synthesis
Biographies
Nationalism
People
Liebig, Justus von
Runge, Friedlieb Ferdinand
Hofmann, August Wilhelm von
Wöhler, Friedrich
Baeyer, Adolf von
Beilstein, Friedrich Konrad
Time Periods
19th century
20th century
20th century, early
Places
Germany
France
Russia
Geneva (Switzerland)
Institutions
Universität Bonn
Cambridge University
Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker
Heidelberg Universität
Russian Physico-Chemical Society
German dye company (BASF)
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