ABSTRACT The article focuses on the increasing presence of Spanish women in the professional world as a result of free access to the University (1910). Methodologically, it is a historiographical study comparing the different trends in the scientific literature on the subject. The results explain the existence of two important moments in time. In the first (20s), women worked in medical specialties (preferably gynecology, pediatrics or ophthalmology) and began to hold posts in the public sector: in archives, libraries and high schools. In the second (30s), women managed to work in scientific research and the professional practice of journalism, law and politics. The scientific debate centers on how these goals were achieved in the social, political and cultural context of those years, concluding that it was a result of the women’s own efforts with support from social trends outside feminism. RESUMEN El artículo está centrado en la presencia progresiva de la mujer española en el mundo profesional, como consecuencia del libre acceso a la Universidad (1910). Metodológicamente es un estudio historiográfico que compara las distintas tendencias en la literatura científica generada sobre el tema. Los resultados apuntan a la existencia de dos momentos importantes. En el primero (años 20), las mujeres trabajaron en especialidades médicas (preferentemente ginecología, pediatría u oftalmología) y empezaron a ganar oposiciones tanto para el cuerpo oficial de Archivos y Bibliotecas como para los institutos de enseñanza media. En el segundo (años 30), las mujeres alcanzaron la investigación científica, y el ejercicio profesional del periodismo, el derecho y la política. La discusión científica está en cómo se alcanzaron estas metas en el contexto social, político y cultural de aquellos años, concluyendo que se debió al propio empuje de las mujeres, apoyadas por corrientes sociales ajenas al feminismo.
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