Maria Antonia Rancadore (Author)
Physis: Rivista Internazionale di Storia della Scienza
Volume: 54
Pages: 309-326
Faced with Sigmund Freud’s entire production, historical memory firstly suggests one should pay attention to the contents of the Interpretation of Dreams (1899) and Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920). The text of these two works denotes the epistemological evolution of the research activity carried out by the father of psychoanalysis, up to his mature work. The keywords “hysteria,” “hypnosis” and “cathartic method” allow us to identify the final adoption of the maieutic method, exposed in the writings of Freud’s maturity and those of his last years. In this sense, in addition to Negation (1925), the other texts to be referred to are Analysis Terminable and Interminable and Constructions in Analysis (both 1937), with which psychoanalysis as such also acquired its theoretical connotation. Nonetheless, without detracting anything from Freud’s best-known works, for a fully comprehensive re-reading of the epistemological foundations of his psychoanalysis, it is advisable to re-read the clinical cases, with particular reference to those published in 1895, in collaboration with Josef Breuer. The titles of the first clinical cases are: Miss Anna O. and Mrs. Emmy von N., on the one hand; Miss Lucy R., Katharina… and Miss Elisabeth von R., on the other. By following this approach one can discover the foundations of psychoanalysis, and the transition from the phase of hypnosis and dream interpretation to the definitive phase of free association focused on the maieutic method.
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