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Article ID: CBB800260217

Defining Human Sciences: Theodor Waitz’s Influence on Dilthey (2018)

Martinelli, Riccardo (Author)

British Journal for the History of Philosophy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Pages: 498-518

DOI: 10.1080/09608788.2017.1394816

URI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2017.1394816

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Science and race Anthropology Psychology Philosophy Human sciences 19th century Dilthey, Wilhelm Waitz, Theodor

The work of Theodor Waitz is an important but hitherto unnoticed source of Dilthey’s concept of ‘human sciences’ (Geisteswissenschaften). Waitz (1821–64) was an outstanding philosopher and psychologist who, in the late 1850s, devoted himself wholeheartedly to empirical anthropology. In this field Waitz distinguished himself for his defence of the unity of humankind against mainstream polygenic and racial doctrines. Waitz inspired Dilthey’s articulation of psychology into two branches: the ‘descriptive’ one and the ‘explanative’ one. Even more remarkably, in a work reviewed by Dilthey in warmly favourable terms, Waitz explicitly mentioned and defined the ‘sciences which treat of the spirit (Geist)’. Some of Dilthey's most interesting ideas are thus prefigured in Waitz’s long underrated work.

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