Cubero Salmerón, José Ignacio (Author)
ABSTRACT Domesticated at the same time as the first cereals and other carbohydrate-rich crops, legumes have maintained close ties with these in all aspects of human life: in the land, traditions, and as food for man or animal feed. However, in modern farming they are only considered to be second class crops, in spite of continuous calls for their use in balanced diets and in crop rotations to increase soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, avoiding excess use of synthetic fertilizers. Because of their high protein content they were known as “the poorman’s meat”. Moreover, their ability to fertilize soil was greatly valued by ancient agronomists since Greek and Roman times. Rather than focusing on the technical aspects of legumes, the present article considers the relationship between man and legumes from different perspectives, including their role in the History of Science, being protagonists of fundamental studies such as those carried out by Mendel, Galton and Johannsen, as well as the first description of a QTL. RESUMEN Domesticadas a la par que los primeros cereales y otros cultivos ricos en carbohidratos, compañeras inseparables de ellos en la tierra, en las costumbres, en la mesa y en el pesebre, en la agricultura moderna las leguminosas no son, sin embargo, más que secundarias o terciarias, a pesar de las llamadas a su consumo en dietas equilibradas y a la necesidad de su inclusión en la “alimentación” del suelo, es decir, en las rotaciones que incrementen la fertilidad del mismo de forma natural. Su riqueza en proteínas hizo que se llamaran “el pan del pobre”; su capacidad de fertilizar la tierra fijando nitrógeno atmosférico fue recomendación constante de los autores agrícolas desde los tiempos de Grecia y Roma. En el presente artículo se presentan las leguminosas no en sus aspectos técnicos sino en su relación con el Hombre desde diversos puntos de vista, incluyendo el papel que han representado en la Historia de la Ciencia al haber sido protagonista de estudios trascendentales como los de Mendel, Galton y Johannsen y la descripción del primer QTL entre otros.
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