Le Roux, Thomas (Author)
Depuis une gnration, de trs grandes catastrophes industrielles d'ampleur internationale ont chang l'chelle que le risque industriel et technologique fait peser sur nos socits. Ce changement d'chelle est-il une transformation du rgime de risque ou le prolongement d'un processus dj amorc prcdemment C'est une mise distance et une historicisation du risque industriel qu'invite la lecture de cet ouvrage, fruit et partie d'une collaboration de plusieurs annes entre des chercheurs de diffrents pays europens et des Etats-Unis. En effet, si la notion contemporaine de risque n'est mobilise pour l'industrie qu' la fin du XIXe sicle, par emprunt au monde de l'assurance, un ensemble de concepts qui s'y rattachent est usuel au moins ds le XVe sicle, et les autorits ont toujours mis en place des dispositifs juridiques et sociaux pour parer ces risques. De la fin du XVIIe sicle aux annes 1900 se droule une squence historique longue qui voit l'mergence de dispositifs de gestion mesure des progrs de l'industrialisation. Les contributions de cet ouvrage interrogent les savoirs et les normes construits par des acteurs trs divers, les mdecins, les lgislateurs, les juristes, les architectes, les assureurs, les syndicalistes ou encore les industriels. Elles montrent que si les rgulations du risque sont trs variables et dpendent des contextes et des configurations locales, celles-ci s'inscrivent toutefois dans un mouvement gnral qui formalise son acceptation comme constitutive des socits industrielles. Cette longue dure nous protge de la tentation de ne considrer les problmes contemporains que comme nouveaux, et donne de la profondeur des questions essentielles qu'une approche historique ne peut qu'enrichir. (Over the past generation, major industrial disasters of international scope have changed the scale of industrial and technological risk in our societies. Is this change in scale a transformation of the risk regime or the continuation of a process that had already begun? It is a distancing and historicization of industrial risk that this book, the fruit and part of a collaboration of several years between researchers from different European countries and the United States, invites us to read. Indeed, if the contemporary notion of risk is mobilized for industry only at the end of the nineteenth century, by borrowing from the world of insurance, a set of concepts related to it is usual at least since the fifteenth century, and the authorities have always put in place legal and social devices to counter these risks. From the end of the seventeenth century to the 1900s, a long historical sequence unfolds that sees the emergence of management mechanisms in line with the progress of industrialization. The contributions in this book examine the knowledge and norms constructed by a wide range of actors, including doctors, legislators, lawyers, architects, insurers, trade unionists and industrialists. They show that if the regulations of risk are very variable and depend on local contexts and configurations, they are nevertheless part of a general movement that formalizes its acceptance as constitutive of industrial societies. This long history protects us from the temptation to consider contemporary problems as new, and gives depth to essential questions that a historical approach can only enrich.)
...MoreReview Maël Goumri (January 2021) Review of "Risques industriels: savoirs, régulations, politiques d'assistance, fin XVIIe-début XXe siècle". Technology and Culture (pp. 288-290).
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