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Article ID: CBB779333779

El estudio científico de los volcanes en la América colonial española (2017)

Llull: Revista de la Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas
Volume: 40
Issue: 84
Pages: 125-155

URI: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6148640

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Earthquakes Spain, colonies Volcanoes and volcanology 18th century 17th century 16th century South America North America

Desde los primeros momentos del Descubrimiento del Nuevo Mundo los frecuentes e intensos fenómenos volcánicos llamaron la atención de muchos descubridores, evangelizadores, cronistas, exploradores, estudiosos y miembros de la administración colonial. Más allá de las explicaciones míticas o religiosas, se esgrimieron diversas teorías y paradigmas científicos para explicar las causas de estos eventos. Estos modelos partieron de la tradición aristotélica que perduraba a inicios del siglo XVI, pasando por el organicismo, las teorías de Buffon, el neptunismo y plutonismo de finales del siglo XVIII, hasta llegar al extenso estudio de los volcanes americanos de Alexander von Humboldt. La discusión sobre el origen de los procesos eruptivos en la América colonial revela un provechoso intercambio cultural a ambos lados del Atlántico, un conocimiento por parte de los estudiosos criollos de las corrientes científicas en boga durante la Edad Moderna sobre el origen y estructura de la Tierra, los terremotos o el modelado de la superficie terrestre y, finalmente, la importante contribución de los descubrimientos americanos en el campo de la vulcanología. From the Discovery of the New World, the frequent and intense volcanic activity attracted the attention of many explorers, missionaries, writers, explorers, scholars and members of the colonial administration. Beyond mythical or religious explanations, various theories and scientific paradigms were successively used to explain the causes of these events. These models started from the Aristotelian tradition -still active in early 16th century, and evolved through Organicism, Buffon�s theories, and late 18th-century Neptunism and Plutonism, until Alexander von Humboldt�s comprehensive study of American volcanoes. The discussion on the origins of eruptive processes in colonial America reveals a fruitful cultural exchange on both sides of the Atlantic, proves that creole scholars kept abreast of the state of knowledge -on the origin and structure of the Earth, the cause of earthquakes and volcanism, the modeling processes on the earth�s surface-, and shows the important contribution of American discoveries in the field of volcanology.

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