Ein Gründergeist in zwei Gesellschaftsepochen: Die Rolle von Wilhelm Ziegelmayer (1898–1951) in der Geschichte der Ernährungswissenschaft (2020)
Wilhelm Ziegelmayer (1898–1951) was a German nutrition researcher, who played an important role in the institutionalization and professionalization of the food science in Germany. Ziegelmayer’s special merit was that he succeeded in establishing a series of research institutes with an objective to establish a holistic approach to the nutrition studies combining both applied and fundamental science. His dream ultimately came true after the WWII as he founded the Institute for Food and Nutrition Science in BerlinDahlem (1945) and, later, its Branch-Office in Potsdam-Rehbrücke (1946). Until today Ziegelmayer remains a controversial figure. He began his actual scientific career after Nazis came to power and became a “Governing Council” (Regierungsrat) in the German Military Administration (Heeresverwaltung) in 1936 (in 1939 he was promoted to a Senior Governing Council – Oberregierungsrat). He was responsible for field kitchens and headed the Working Group Development and Research in Nutrition and Food Industry. Despite his relatively modest position within the Military Administration, several modern historians and mass media accused Ziegelmayer in being engaged into the planning of the Siege of Leningrad, one of the biggest crimes against humanity in history, which claimed more than one million lives. This hypothesis is at odds with the NSDAP files accusing him in collaboration with Jews and even in a sabotage by supplying German troops. To the end of the war Ziegelmayer was sentenced to several months in a “fortress” (Festung) on probation. Ziegelmayer was never a member of the Nazi party and was approved by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany to become a Vice-president of the German Administration for Commerce and Supply (Deutsche Verwaltung für Handel und Versorgung). Using this position as a starting point, he founded, among others, a research institute, a successor of which is known today as the German Institute for Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke. The objective of this paper is to shed light on Ziegelmayers biography and to examine the hypothesis of his alleged participation in the Siege of Leningrad.
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