The sixteenth century saw the emergence of preclassical external ballistics. It was engendered by a new representational means—the trace of the path of a shot outlined on paper. This resulted in the concept of a trajectory in which practitioners’s knowledge of the behavior of gunshots was fused with knowledge from other domains. In the practical literature of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, preclassical external ballistics increasingly became a self-contained subject. The different accounts given were abstracted and segregated from the practical knowledge on which they were based and often focused on aspects that had little or no relevance for the actual practice of shooting. Preclassical external ballistics had virtually no impact on the practice of gunnery in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and only marginal improvements were made due to its application to gun shooting in the field. Preclassical external ballistics reestablished contact with the practice of shooting from the second half of the seventeenth century onwards when learned men with close ties to practice, who relied on the help of gunners and their infrastructure, transformed guns into experimental systems in order to probe the claims of external ballistics. This was mainly done because of the precarious status it had earned due to its divergence from practical knowledge and gunnery practice.
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