Les fonds photographiques du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle datant du xixe siècle représentent un pan encore méconnu de l’histoire des collections de l’établissement, malgré la récente prise en charge patrimoniale d’une partie d’entre eux à la bibliothèque centrale du Muséum. Ces images invitent à retracer le récit de leur constitution, qui permet d’établir la précocité et la diversité des voies de développement de la photographie au sein du Muséum. Loin de témoigner seulement de l’histoire d’une collection isolée, ces photographies offrent de nouvelles perspectives à l’histoire des pratiques scientifiques dans des disciplines peu identifiées pour leur emploi de la photographie (mammalogie, physiologie végétale, minéralogie). Elles permettent d’investir des questions plus épistémologiques, notamment celle du rapport des naturalistes à l’objectivité et à la notion de vérité scientifique par l’image.
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