This paper describes the results of an extensive research, aimed at verifying the origin of Galileo's most famous motto, "E Pur si Muove." Since 1911, it has been believed that the motto's earliest appearance was in a painting attributed to the Spanish painter Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, and believed to have been painted in 1643 or 1645. This research suggests that painting to be only a copy of a painting made in 1837 by the Flemish painter Romaan-Eugeen Van Maldeghem. This means that the earliest appearance of the motto was in 1757, making it much more likely to be apocryphal. This does not take anything away from the powerful intellectual defiance expressed by Galileỏs legendary motto, which undoubtedly represented his thoughts at the time.
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