Social efficiency shaped much of public schooling in the United States during the early twentieth century. Simultaneously, Roman Catholic schools proliferated and became increasingly regulated by state departments of education. This led to increased influence of public education reform movements on Catholic schools. This article examines the arguments advanced by Catholic educators who questioned the educational measurement movement and eugenic-inspired reforms such as intelligence testing. It follows those debates during the early twentieth century through to the mid-century. American Catholic educators offered arguments beyond self-interest grounded in the principles of Catholic education with a commitment to educating the whole child – mind/body–soul – in the Thomist tradition. This historical case demonstrates how the dualist tradition of the mind/body–soul stood against the pseudo-scientific attempt of eugenicists in attempting to measure minds and bodies–souls.
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Book
White, John;
(2006)
Intelligence, Destiny, and Education: The Ideological Roots of Intelligence Testing
(/isis/citation/CBB000774262/)
Article
Jim Wynter Porter;
(2020)
Guidance counseling in the mid-twentieth century United States: Measurement, grouping, and the making of the intelligent self
(/isis/citation/CBB370728709/)
Thesis
James Wynter Porter;
(2017)
Constructing the "Gifted" and "Academically Talented" Student: "Intelligence," Intellligence Testing, and Educational Opportunity in the Era of Brown v. Board and the National Defense Education Act
(/isis/citation/CBB788510724/)
Article
Jacqueline Broad;
(2018)
Conway and Charleton on the Intimate Presence of Souls in Bodies
(/isis/citation/CBB484625868/)
Book
Johann N. Neem;
(2017)
Democracy’s Schools: The Rise of Public Education in America
(/isis/citation/CBB961515399/)
Article
Barbara Rothmüller;
(2019)
From ‘Puritanical Goosebumps’ to the Nostalgic Longing for Heterosexual Harmony: The Emotional Organisation of Sexuality in Relationship Education in the 1970s and 1980s
(/isis/citation/CBB099727718/)
Article
Ellis, Jason;
(2013)
“Inequalities of Children in Original Endowment”: How Intelligence Testing Transformed Early Special Education in a North American City School System
(/isis/citation/CBB001202082/)
Article
Nelleke Bakker;
(2015)
Identifying the ‘Subnormal’ Child in an Age of Expansion of Special Education and Child Science in the Netherlands (c.1945–1965)
(/isis/citation/CBB960963418/)
Article
Annette Mülberger;
(2017)
Mental Association: Testing Individual Differences Before Binet
(/isis/citation/CBB594534377/)
Article
Crnic, Meghan;
(2009)
Better Babies: Social Engineering for “a Better Nation, a Better World”
(/isis/citation/CBB000932174/)
Article
Ingrid G. Farreras;
(2019)
The professionalization of psychologists as court personnel: Consequences of the first institutional commitment law for the “feebleminded”
(/isis/citation/CBB969643572/)
Thesis
Masear, Teresa E.;
(2004)
Measuring Heads and Calibrating Minds: The Dark Legacy of Eugenics in American Intelligence Testing
(/isis/citation/CBB001561776/)
Article
Slezak, Peter;
(2012)
Mario Bunge's Materialist Theory of Mind and Contemporary Cognitive Science
(/isis/citation/CBB001252230/)
Book
Murdoch, Stephen;
(2007)
IQ: A Smart History of a Failed Idea
(/isis/citation/CBB000831318/)
Book
Zenderland, Leila;
(1998)
Measuring Minds: Henry Herbert Goddard and the Origins of American Intelligence Testing
(/isis/citation/CBB000330360/)
Article
Ramsden, Edmund;
(2014)
Surveying the Meritocracy: The Problems of Intelligence and Mobility in the Studies of the Population Investigation Committee
(/isis/citation/CBB001421072/)
Article
Leon, Sharon M.;
(2004)
“Hopelessly Entangled in Nordic Pre-suppositions”: Catholic Participation in the American Eugenics Society in the 1920s
(/isis/citation/CBB000774429/)
Article
Wegner, Robert;
Souza, Vanderlei Sebastião de;
(2013)
Eugenia “negativa”, psiquiatria e catolicismo: embates em torno da esterilização eugênica no Brasil
(/isis/citation/CBB001420642/)
Article
Young, Jacy L.;
(2015)
Test or Toy? Materiality and the Measurement of Infant Intelligence
(/isis/citation/CBB001551566/)
Thesis
Seay, Cameron W.;
(2004)
Intelligence Assessment of the American Negro, 1913--1945: A Socio-Cultural Recapitulation
(/isis/citation/CBB001561877/)
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