Article ID: CBB708600334

Darwin, la evolución y la censura de libros en el franquismo (1938-1966) (2017)

unapi

Algunas de las obras de Darwin, pocas, pero las más conocidas (Origen de las especies; Origen del hombre; Viaje de un naturalista; Autobiografía), habían conseguido una amplia difusión en España durante el primer tercio del siglo XX. También, entonces, no era raro encontrar en castellano obras de los principales autores evolucionistas. La situación cambió, drásticamente, en el «nuevo Estado», en el que imperó una política de signo totalitario, que iba a poner uno de sus focos de atención en acabar con toda aquella lectura que, en su opinión, pusiera en riesgo su ideario. En el presente trabajo se analiza la censura que se ejerció sobre las obras de Darwin y sobre la evolución, durante buena parte del franquismo, concretamente hasta la promulgación de una nueva Ley de Prensa e Imprenta en 1966. Y se hace a tres niveles. En primer lugar, la censura previa oficial que desde la Delegación Nacional de Propaganda, Sección de Censura, se ejerció sobre aquellas obras que quisieron publicarse o importarse a partir de 1938. En segundo lugar, la depuración que afectó a los fondos de las bibliotecas públicas y privadas. Por último, la suerte que corrieron estas obras en las librerías, fundamentalmente de aquellas que se dedicaban a la compra venta del libro antiguo y de ocasión. Se pone de manifiesto como, la censura por un lado, y la autocensura por otro, dificultaron la consulta de este tipo de obras. In the first three decades of the 20th century, some of Darwin�s best-known works (On the Origin of Species; The Descent of Man; Journal of researches; Life and Letters and Autobiography) had achieved a wide dissemination in Spain. At this time, it was also usual to find Spanish translations of the most popular evolutionary authors. But this situation drastically changed with the proclamation of the Francoist totalitarian �New State�, that was going to focus on finishing with all kind of readings that could put Franco�s ideology at risk. This paper analyses the censorship of books written by Darwin and other evolutionary authors, during a long period of Franco´s regime, until the promulgation of a new Law of Press and Printing in 1966. The analysis has been carried out at three levels. First of all, the prevenient official censorship tasked from 1938 by the National Delegation of Propaganda, Censorship Section, of works to be published or imported to Spain. Secondly, the purge of evolutionary books both from public and private libraries. And finally, the fate of these books in bookstores, mainly those specializing in old and used books. It becomes clear how, censorship on the one hand, and self-censorship on the other, made very difficult to consult such works.

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Authors & Contributors
Glick, Thomas F.
Brydan, David
García Naharro, Fernando
Flach, Sabine
De Biasi, Marius
Díaz, Alfredo Baratas
Journals
Llull: Revista de la Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas
Social History of Medicine
Public Understanding of Science
Osiris: A Research Journal Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
Biology and Philosophy
American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly
Publishers
Ediciones Complutense
Dykinson
Wiley-Blackwell
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
Oxford University Press
Kluwer Academic
Concepts
Evolution
Darwinism
Biology
Science and religion
Science and literature
Biographies
People
Darwin, Charles Robert
Sos, Vicente
Pujiula, Jaime
Novoa Santos, Roberto
Franco, Francisco
Crusafont Pairó, Miquel
Time Periods
20th century
19th century
21st century
18th century
20th century, late
20th century, early
Places
Spain
Francoist Spain
Mikomeseng (city)
Guinea
South America
Portugal
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