Article ID: CBB706274093

Historical Origins of the Nine-Point Conic. the Contribution of Eugenio Beltrami (2020)

unapi

In this paper, we examine the evolution of a specific mathematical problem, i.e. the nine-point conic, a generalisation of the nine-point circle due to Steiner. We will follow this evolution from Steiner to the Neapolitan school (Trudi and Battaglini) and finally to the contribution of Beltrami that closed this journey, at least from a mathematical point of view (scholars of elementary geometry, in fact, will continue to resume the problem from the second half of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century). We believe that such evolution may indicate the steady development of the mathematical methods from Euclidean metric to projective, and finally, with Beltrami, with the use of quadratic transformations. In this sense, the work of Beltrami appears similar to the recent (after the anticipations of Magnus and Steiner) results of Schiaparelli and Cremona. Moreover, Beltrami's methods are closely related to the study of birational transformations, which in the same period were becoming one of the main topics of algebraic geometry. Finally, our work emphasises the role played by the nine-point conic problem in the studies of young Beltrami who, under Cremona's guidance, was then developing his mathematical skills. To this end, we make considerable use of the unedited correspondence Beltrami – Cremona, preserved in the Istituto Mazziniano, Genoa. Sommario In questo lavoro si esamina l'evoluzione di un problema specifico, quello della conica dei nove punti, una generalizzazione del cerchio di Feuerbach dovuta a Steiner. Si segue questa evoluzione da Steiner alla scuola napoletana (Trudi e Battaglini) per arrivare a Beltrami che in qualche modo chiude il percorso sul piano matematico, anche se esso sarà ripreso più volte dai cultori della geometria elementare nel periodo tra la seconda metà del XIX secolo e l'inizio del XX secolo. Il percorso seguito ci sembra evidenziare il progressivo sviluppo dei metodi usati che passeranno da quelli metrico – euclidei a quelli proiettivi fino a concludersi, appunto con Beltrami, nei metodi relativi alle trasformazioni quadratiche, solo recentemente riprese (dopo le anticipazioni di Magnus e dello stesso Steiner) da Schiaparelli e Cremona. In questo senso i metodi usati da Beltrami si collegano strettamente allo studio delle trasformazioni birazionali che proprio in quegli anni stavano divenendo l'argomento di punta della geometria algebrica. Oltre a ciò questo lavoro tende ad evidenziare il ruolo di questo problema nella formazione di Beltrami che, sotto la guida attenta di Cremona, andava saggiando le sue abilità matematiche. A questo fine ci siamo ampiamente serviti della corrispondenza inedita Beltrami – Cremona conservata all'Istituto Mazziniano di Genova.

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Authors & Contributors
Gerard Emile Grimberg
Maurer, Bertram
Alessio Brioschi
Michel, Nicolas
Vaccaro, Maria Alessandra
Leandro Silva Dias
Journals
Llull: Revista de la Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas
Historia Mathematica
Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Synthese
Science in Context
Revue d'Histoire des Sciences
Publishers
Verlag für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik
Palgrave Macmillan
Oxford University Press
Blanchard
Aracne
Universität Stuttgart
Concepts
Mathematics
Geometry
Projective geometry
Logic
Graphic methods
Non-euclidean geometry
People
Poncelet, Jean Victor
Beltrami, Eugenio
Staudt, Karl Georg Christian von
Pieri, Mario
Frege, Gottlob
Culmann, Karl
Time Periods
19th century
18th century
Ancient
20th century, late
20th century, early
20th century
Places
Italy
England
France
Great Britain
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