Article ID: CBB702863044

Mapping in Manchu: The Development of Usage of the Manchu Script and Language on Qing Imperial Mapping Projects (2020)

unapi

The Qing Overview Maps of the Imperial Territories are heterogeneous in nature: from the production process and production techniques to the different languages and scripts in the finished works, each complete edition is different from the others. This article focuses on the heterogeneity found in the usage of the Manchu language, which functions as the descriptive language of the Outer parts of the empire in all editions of the Overview Maps. After the transcriptions of toponyms, synonymous head addition occurs; e.g. in the Manchu transcription hvwang ho bira (Yellow River), both the Chinese character he 河 transcribed in Manchu script as ho and the Manchu bira mean ‘river’. The use of the Manchu language separates the Outer from the Inner regions, but it takes varying forms; Manchu is even written in Chinese characters in several editions, and it conceals a profound variety of languages used in toponyms across the maps. Through a comparison between the different editions, Manchu emerges not merely as a tool to accurately represent geographical space and names, but also as a way to idealize the division of space in the empire.

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Authors & Contributors
Cams, Mario
Hornsby, Stephen J.
Jiajing Zhang
Stephen Whiteman
Janni, Pietro
Caroline Humphrey
Journals
Revue d'Histoire des Sciences
Isis: International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
Interdisciplinary Science Reviews
Imago Mundi: A Review of Early Cartography
Geographia antiqua
Galilæana: Journal of Galilean Studies
Publishers
University of Chicago Press
Brill
Weidenfeld & Nicolson
University of Toronto Press
Instituto de Geografía, UNAM
Four Courts Press
Concepts
Cartography
Maps; atlases
Geography
Cross-cultural interaction; cultural influence
Travel; exploration
Visual representation; visual communication
People
Habenicht, Hermann
Elkhadem, Hosam
Ricci, Matteo
Ptolemy, Claudius
Petermann, August
Ortelius, Abraham
Time Periods
Qing dynasty (China, 1644-1912)
18th century
17th century
Early modern
19th century
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
Places
China
United States
Beijing (China)
England
Mediterranean region
Mongolia
Institutions
Jesuits (Society of Jesus)
Académie Royale des Sciences (France)
Académie des Sciences, Paris
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