Article ID: CBB692195212

How the Modern Synthesis Came to Ecology (2019)

unapi

Ecology in principle is tied to evolution, since communities and ecosystems result from evolution and ecological conditions determine fitness values (and ultimately evolution by natural selection). Yet the two disciplines of evolution and ecology were not unified in the twentieth-century. The architects of the Modern Synthesis, and especially Julian Huxley, constantly pushed for such integration, but the major ideas of the Synthesis—namely, the privileged role of selection and the key role of gene frequencies in evolution—did not directly or immediately translate into ecological science. In this paper I consider five stages through which the Synthesis was integrated into ecology and distinguish between various ways in which a possible integration was gained. I start with Elton’s animal ecology (1927), then consider successively Ford’s ecological genetics in the 1940s, the major textbook Principles of animal ecology edited by Allee et al. (1949), and the debates over the role of competition in population regulation in the 1950s, ending with Hutchinson’s niche concept (1959) and McArthur and Wilson’s Principles of Island Biogeography (1967) viewed as a formal transposition of Modern Synthesis explanatory schemes. I will emphasize the key role of founders of the Synthesis at each stage of this very nonlinear history.

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Article Philippe Huneman (2019) Special Issue Editor’s Introduction: “Revisiting the Modern Synthesis”. Journal of the History of Biology (pp. 509-518). unapi

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Authors & Contributors
Herring, Emily
Bruce Richard Erick Peirson
Emily Herrington
Laubichler, Manfred
Ishida, Yoichi
Ayres, P. G.
Concepts
Evolution
Ecology
Modern Synthesis (biology)
Population ecology
Animal ecology
Biology
Time Periods
20th century
21st century
Pleistocene
20th century, early
19th century
Places
United States
Great Britain
Arctic regions
Canada
Australia
Great Plains (North America)
Institutions
UNESCO
British Ecological Society
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